Spauda Lietuvoje: Skirtumas tarp puslapio versijų

1. (C) SUMMARY. Some media outlets in Lithuania, newspapers especially, extort politicians and businessmen using rewards of positive coverage and the threat of negative coverage. Media corruption damages media credibility, undermines Lithuanias democratic institutions, and intimidates politicians, businesses, and civil society. It also hurts U.S. businesses, who are less apt to "play the game" than their local counterparts. End summary.

2. (C) Government officials, businessmen, NGOs, and others criticize Lithuanias media for being corrupt, in addition to the usual complaints that it is scandal-focused and sensational. Media owners, with business and/or political interests, have a heavy hand and often operate as de facto editors.

3. (U) Lithuanias toothless media watchdogs do little to stop corruption. The 1996 law on public information was watered down in 2002. The maximum fine that any media regulatory agency can impose is 10,000 litas (about 4,000 USD). In 2006, the largest fine levied was 3,000 litas (1,200 USD) for airing a program unsuitable for children early in the evening. When the Journalist and Publishers Ethics Commission finds an ethical violation, media outlets often do not run the "required" retractions. The Commission then announces the retraction or correction on the national radio network.

'''4. (C) Former journalist and current advisor to the Prime Minister Vilius Kavaliauskas told us, "you must buy the right not to be attacked." He added, "A daily can replace a minister -- any daily any minister." Government officials seem paralyzed by the media. In meetings at all levels, GOL officials often shrug their shoulders in resignation when we point out the lack of media ethics.'''

6. (U) Politicians occasionally get caught paying for media coverage. Lithuanias Chief Ethics Commission recently ruled that over the last two years Kazimiera Prunskiene, current Minister of Agriculture and Lithuanias first Prime Minister after independence, inappropriately promoted herself and her party in a public education campaign that ran advertisements in newspapers. In September, the Parliament voted not to reprimand Prunskiene for her actions.

'''7. (C) Raimundas Voishka, General Manager of the Lithuanian office of Pfizer, a U.S. pharmaceutical firm, told us that, several years ago, Tomkus personally told him that for one million litas (400,000 USD) his Respublika newspaper would "kill" Pfizers competition. Tomkus used vulgar language and was not ambiguous. Tomkus told Voishka he had two weeks to think about his offer. After two weeks, advertising staff from Respublika approached Voishka, who said Pfizer had nothing to advertise. Shortly after that, Respublika carried an article about people dying from Viagra, one of Pfizers products. The paper followed up with stories about Pfizer charging too much for its products, taking advantage of poor hospital patients and sick people. They put Voishkas picture on the front page.'''

'''11. (C) Voishka and others, including Katkus, worry about the role of Lithuanian "oligarchs" in many business sectors, including media ownership. Voishka noted that the biggest companies in Lithuania are small by international standards, but in Lithuania (population 3.4 million) they are proportionately larger than their infamous counterparts in Russia or other countries. Voishka added that Lithuanian oligarchs are keen to limit foreign entry into media in particular and business in general. Until recently, the regional daily Kauno Diena was owned by a Norwegian group and it was, according to the PMs adviser Kavaliauskas, "the only objective paper in the country." Recently it was bought by local firm Hermes Capital, and, Kavaliauskas feels, it joined the lowest common denominator approach to media, with apparently purchased articles and biased reporting. (Note: We agree.) Katkus, the PR company CEO, told us that the media business model in Lithuania trades short term financial gains for long term losses in credibility. The only major media outlet in Lithuania with foreign ownership is the business daily, Verslo Zinios, which is owned by a Swedish firm.

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12. (C) Kristina Kuncinskaite Grudiene, a journalist who worked for Respublika for 8 years and now works for TV3, told us that owners are the problem and journalists work under very bad conditions, including a low basic salary and a constant fear of firing. At Respublika, staff assume that management often eavesdrops on all phones. Grudiene told us that Tomkus, Respublikas owner, often comes to the office late at night to nix any story he does not like. Staff are constantly trying to write stories that will please and not offend him. Grudiene told us that Tomkus once fired 20 people for running a story he did not like.

'''13. (C) Tomkuss capriciousness extends to attacks on businesses. Respublika was a long time sponsor of the Zalgiris basketball team, but in May he told Grudiene to resign for writing a neutral story about the teams proposed new stadium. Apparently, she told us, Tomkus had recently received some bad financial news and the same day Zalgiris approached him for sponsorship money. His petty response for bad timing was a negative story in the press. Usually, though, attacks on businesses are about advertising money. Grudiene told us that earlier this year Respublika ran several articles criticizing Mercedes cars when Mercedes local affiliate did not renew its advertising contract with Respublika.'''

14. (U) Rytis Juozapavicius, a former journalist and current head of Transparency International (TI) in Lithuania, is a vocal critic of media corruption. TI recently did a survey of over 500 business leaders (owners, CEOs, etc.) to learn about their perceptions of and experiences with the media. It found that: 91 percent of business leaders surveyed believe the media has the power to destroy businesses; 63 percent said they were "aware of the existence of paid slander against companies and/or individuals" in the media; and 43 percent said that when they purchased advertising with national newspapers, it also meant favorable publicity in addition to advertising.

18. (U) Alternative forms of media are gaining in popularity, in particular internet news portals and the free wire service-based daily 15 Minutes. These sources of news seem relatively free of hidden paid advertising and are less biased than their print counterparts. They are not strong enough to dispel the influence of the major print media, however.

19. (C) A combination of increased foreign ownership, an improved legal framework, and alternative media, such as internet news portals, could reduce media corruption in Lithuania, but such a combination is unlikely to happen soon. In the meantime, the media will continue to be a menace that serves the few at the expense of the many -- including U.S. businesses in Lithuania. Post has worked to improve the situation by sponsoring International Visitor programs, the Ambassador hosting a recent round table discussion with young journalists, and meeting with Government regulators and relevant civil society groups. We will continue with these efforts and will look for ways to encourage the Government to draft stronger legislation. LEADER

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